Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a **skull immune organ** — lymphoid structures inside the skull's bone marrow that act as first responders to brain disease. Published in *Nature* on 19 August 2026, the study shows microscopic channels carry antigens from the brain into skull marrow, where **T follicular helper cells** train **B cells** to fight threats, including glioblastoma, before distant lymph nodes react. Similar cells were found in...

In December 2025, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published draft guidance — "Monoclonal Antibodies: Streamlined Nonclinical Safety Studies" (Docket FDA-2025-D-4634) — recommending that sponsors of monospecific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can reduce or eliminate long-duration animal toxicology studies, including in nonhuman primates (NHPs), where a robust weight-of-evidence (WoE) risk assessment supports doing so. It affects any company developing single-target mAb therapeutics for...

A PhD to regulatory affairs career change is one of the most viable moves available to scientists who find the academic job market unable to absorb them. Vitae's 2026 tracking data shows that although 91% of UK doctoral graduates are employed, 41% remain in higher education roles, 93% of which are on fixed-term contracts. Regulatory affairs offers permanent, well-paid, office-based roles that value scientific rigour — but PhDs typically lack the submission-specific skills (CTD structure,...